![]() 1H) and intramembranous ossifi- cation with visible osteoblasts on the endosteal bone surface (Fig. Only the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) belonging to the subjects at the age of 0 and 3 months were subject to both endochondral (Fig. These small "joints" were not covered by typical articular (hyaline) cartilage. 1G, toluidine blue staining, black arrows). A fibrous capsule surrounded the ossicle bone, with primary occurrence at the incumalleolar and incustapedial joint, as well as at the stapedial footplate (Fig. ![]() Length measurements revealed that the ossicles' size did not change after birth (Fig. A central cavity in the malleus, incus and the base of the stapes could be identified in high-resolution micro-computed tomography (ยต-CT) and histology (Fig. The auditory ossicles analysed in this study were already completely developed at birth and had their typical shape as seen in Fig. 5 1.-3.), acid etching and subsequent scanning electron microscopy revealed a high connectivity among osteocytes (i.e., number of osteocyte canaliculi per osteocyte lacuna) during the first year of life, in comparison to poorly connected osteocyte lacunae evident later during life- time (Fig. Next to the detected age-related trends in osteocyte lacunar number, mineralization and micropetrosis ( Fig. ![]() Furthermore, the peripheral zones of the malleus were sig- nificantly higher mineralized than central zones adjacent to the central blood vessel (p = 0.029) ( Viable osteocytes were highly frequent in young cases compared to older cases, where almost no osteocytes were found in the remaining non-mineralized lacunae ( Canalicular connections and osteocyte apoptosis. These zones showed disorientated collagen orientation as seen by polarized light microsopy (Fig. Examination with high magnification revealed that malleus had a frame of highly mineralized bone tissue in the peripheral zones (Fig. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging showed a significant trend of increasing mineral content of the bone matrix with age (logarithmic fit: r 2 = 0.559, p = 0.001 Fig.
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